Origin of the vertebrate pectoral girdle and pectoral fins – overturned
![](https://pterosaurheresies.files.wordpress.com/2023/11/brazeau-graphic588.jpg)
Brazeau et al 2023 report,"The past 150 years of debate has been shaped by two contentious theories: the ventrolateral fin-fold hypothesis and the archipterygium hypothesis. The latter proposes that fins and girdles evolved from an ancestral gill arch. Although studies in animal development have revived interest in this idea, it is apparently unsupported by fossil…
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Vertebrates (Chordata)
![](https://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol431/images/eryopsforelimb.jpg)
GEOL431 - Vertebrate Paleobiology
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davidpeters1954, The Pterosaur Heresies
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davidpeters1954, The Pterosaur Heresies
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Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles – Morphology of the Vertebrate Skeleton
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Fish fin - Wikipedia
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davidpeters1954, The Pterosaur Heresies
![](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242459110/figure/fig4/AS:645737075453953@1530967124688/Ventral-view-of-the-cephalic-region-and-pectoral-girdle-of-Liobagrus-reini-The-muscles.png)
Ventral view of the cephalic region and pectoral girdle of Liobagrus
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This strange little palaeoniscid': a new early actinopterygian genus, and commentary on pectoral fin conditions and function, Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh
![](https://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol431/images/acanthostega.jpg)
GEOL431 - Vertebrate Paleobiology
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The pectoral fin of Tiktaalik roseae and the origin of the tetrapod limb
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A Bayesian approach to dynamic homology of morphological characters and the ancestral phenotype of jawed vertebrates
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Frontiers Early evolution of the lungfish pectoral-fin endoskeleton: evidence from the Middle Devonian (Givetian) Pentlandia macroptera
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Molecular development of chondrichthyan claspers and the evolution of copulatory organs