Thematic brief: Ecosystems & ecosystem services

Ecosystems consist of plants, animal and microorganism communities (including for example, rainforests, coral reefs, agricultural land and managed forests), while ecosystem goods and services are the benefits to human society that ecosystems provide (for example, water provision and flood and storm protection). Ecosystem degradation and the impacts of climate change release the carbon that is stored in biomass and soils, and increase the risk of ecological collapse. Land-use change, predominately due to tropical deforestation and burning contributes 13 per cent of annual global emissions.

Esmeralda_EU

Baltimore Ecosystem Study - LTER

Frontiers Urban ecosystem services and climate change: a dynamic interplay

Chapter 15: Small Islands Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

Introduction to SEEA Ecosystem Accounting System of Environmental Economic Accounting

Biodiversity, Ecosystems Functions and Sustainability — Português (Brasil)

A review of agroforestry ecosystem services and its enlightenment on the ecosystem improvement of rocky desertification control - ScienceDirect

BIOACID III – Theme 2: Shifts in Benthic Ecosystems and their Services – BIOACID: Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification

Highlight, take notes, and search in the book In this edition, page numbers are just like the physical edition

Nature's Services: Societal Dependence On Natural Ecosystems

Evaluation of ecosystem services

9 Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity, Advancing the Science of Climate Change

IPBES - What are ecosystem services? 🤔 ✓ The benefits people obtain from ecosystems Nature provides us with many benefits, but some of them are not easy to quantify, such as the