Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and

The evolution of feed spacer role in membrane applications for desalination and water treatment: A critical review and future perspective - ScienceDirect

Membranes, Free Full-Text

PDF] Spacer geometry and particle deposition in spiral wound membrane feed channels.

Membranes, Free Full-Text

PDF) Novel Hole-Pillar Spacer Design for Improved Hydrodynamics and Biofouling Mitigation in Membrane Filtration

Development of an automatic and object-oriented method for spacer design in the spiral wound nanofiltration modules to comprehensively enhance filtration performance - ScienceDirect

Investigating fouling at the pore-scale using a microfluidic membrane mimic filtration system

A) Contour plot (L/D = 12) of the average wall shear stress (τ)

Schematic of fluid circulation in a VSEP membranes stack with azimuthal

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Schematic view of spacers with flow attack angle of 45° (normal

Frontiers Clinical Autopsy of a Reverse Osmosis Membrane Module

The critical role of feed spacer channel porosity in membrane biofouling: Insights and implications - ScienceDirect